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This study aims to mainstream environmental protection, climate change mitigation, and disaster risk management in the Asian Development Bank's country partnership strategy for Nepal in 2020—2024. It reviews the country's environmental situation, institutional and legislative provisions, status toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, and key challenges in creating environmentally sustainable, climate-friendly, disaster-resilient, and...
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This publication describes the urban—rural water linkages (URWLs) approach to restoring river health in degraded environments, such as the Tuan River in Henan Province of the People's Republic of China. The URWLs approach tackles issues affecting urban and rural areas through a focus on land use, water withdrawal, and pollution. This publication demonstrates how this approach can be effectively embedded into the project design to maximize the benefits...
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The Pacific region is expected to grow by 4.7% in 2022 and 5.4% in 2023 as most economies emerge from the worst of the pandemic-induced downturn. This issue of the Pacific Economic Monitor focuses on building and financing resilience to climate change and disasters. It also explores the impacts on the region of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, such as higher commodity prices.
4) Overview of Mongolia's Water Resources System and Management: A Country Water Security Assessment
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This publication evaluates water security in Mongolia and provides analyses based from other documents and studies for a multidimensional overview of the country's water resources system and management. It recommends a path forward based on integrated water resources management as well as national and local institutional development, through a targeted investment program. The assessment is adapted from the analytical framework introduced in the Asian...
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Asia and the Pacific is the most disaster-prone region in the world and water is the primary medium through which the impacts of climate change are felt. Resilient water management is central to achieving climate adaptation, managing and better preparing for natural and public health threats, and addressing water scarcity issues. This guidance note provides specific actions and tools for scaling up and mainstreaming water resilience in the region...
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This report explores green bonds and other finance instruments for climate-resilient infrastructure to help meet the growing demand for green investments and achieve a low carbon economy in Indonesia. The Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) consulted with experts in partnership with ADB, the ASEAN Catalytic Green Finance Facility, and PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur under Indonesia's Ministry of Finance in preparing this updated report, following previous...
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Climate change is the defining challenge of our time. Without urgent climate action, humanity faces a world that cannot sustain civilization as we know it. People around the globe are demanding action, some with climate litigation. This four-part report series recognizes the inevitability of increased litigation in the era of climate change and judges need a tool kit to respond. Report One explains how judges from Asia and the Pacific contribute to...
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National legal and policy frameworks underpin international climate action because they are the backbone of domestic responses to the climate emergency. Unless they support global objectives, local climate action stalls. Concerned by sluggish national responses to climate change or injured by its impacts, citizens are filing lawsuits, making courts central to national climate governance. To adjudicate these lawsuits, courts require current information...
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In 2020, the Paris Agreement is the pinnacle of international law on climate change. It orchestrates global climate action over the coming decades. Countries agreed to limit global warming to well below 2°C above preindustrial times, closer to 1.5°C. Humankind will only achieve this temperature goal if we domesticate our international climate commitments. Judges have proven to be instrumental in holding their governments accountable for their climate...
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Climate change in Asia and the Pacific is deadly and impacts communities now. Regional climate litigation seeks relief in increasingly urgent ways and judges need a tool kit to respond. Report Two of this four-part series is a comprehensive review of the growing number and variety of climate lawsuits in Asia and the Pacific. It underscores the unique flavor and voice of regional jurisprudence and compares it with global approaches. No one can solve...
11) Carbon Offsetting in International Aviation in Asia and the Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities
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The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) has an important role to play in the aviation industry's efforts to meet its emission reduction targets. The scheme could also benefit developing countries in Asia and the Pacific as a source of these carbon offsets. This report provides climate policy makers and carbon offset suppliers in the region with detailed information about the CORSIA scheme, including the aviation...
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Water safety planning is considered an international best practice for assessing and managing public health risks from drinking water supply systems. Under the West Bengal Drinking Water Sector Improvement Project and in close collaboration with the World Health Organization, the Asian Development Bank assisted in developing these water safety-planning guidelines for the state of West Bengal. This document offers practical guidance for taking a water...
13) Article 6 of the Paris Agreement: Drawing Lessons from the Joint Crediting Mechanism (Version II)
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Carbon pricing is a key element of the broader climate policy architecture that can help countries reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cost-effectively, while mobilizing fiscal resources to foster green recovery and growth. This publication introduces carbon pricing instruments and provides insights on how they can be designed to stimulate and not constrain economic activity in the context of recovery from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)...
14) Manual for Climate Change Adaptation Measures for Transport Infrastructure in Central Asia With A
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This manual provides an overview of climate-driven stressors relevant to transport infrastructure in Central Asia and explores adaptation strategies. Over the next decades, the effects of climate change will likely exert considerable pressure on the transport infrastructure of Central Asia. In response, policymakers and the engineering community need to implement resilient yet sustainable designs and construction solutions. This resource provides...
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This publication explores the challenge of providing universal access to water and sanitation in fast-growing cities in Asia and the Pacific. It highlights the potential of well-managed public–private partnerships (PPPs) to help meet this challenge and discusses lessons from seven water sector PPPs in the region. It explains how countries can strengthen water governance, foster enabling environments, and design tailored strategies to promote successful...
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Providing high-level climate risk assessments for cities in Armenia, Georgia, and Uzbekistan, this report is designed to mainstream mitigation and adaptation into urban planning to help ensure climate resilient growth. For each country, it harnesses climate data, models, and projections. It offers a range of scenarios, assesses potential risks to key infrastructure, and sets out ways to combat the impacts of events such as increasingly severe floods...
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Since 2017, the Asia—Pacific Regional Cooperation and Integration Index (ARCII) has been used for monitoring progress in various dimensions of regional cooperation and integration (RCI). This report discusses how the enhanced ARCII framework incorporates two new dimensions (digital connectivity and environmental cooperation) and other methodological innovations to capture the increasingly complex nature of RCI. With these new features, the report...
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This report traces the journey and partnership of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) over the past decade in four areas: environmental protection and ecological conservation, rural economy, green livable cities, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. It highlights how the green development partnership between the PRC and ADB has evolved over the years. Best practices, innovations, and lessons learned offer...
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